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data-v-f726f66c><div class="curtain" data-v-f726f66c></div><nav class="nav" id="VPSidebarNav" aria-labelledby="sidebar-aria-label" tabindex="-1" data-v-f726f66c><span class="visually-hidden" id="sidebar-aria-label" data-v-f726f66c> Sidebar Navigation </span><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><div class="group" data-v-f726f66c><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 has-active" data-v-f726f66c data-v-b2ec8f7a><!----><div class="items" data-v-b2ec8f7a><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b2ec8f7a data-v-b2ec8f7a><div class="item" data-v-b2ec8f7a><div class="indicator" data-v-b2ec8f7a></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/qgis-cookbook/docs/basic/" data-v-b2ec8f7a><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b2ec8f7a>1. 概览</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b2ec8f7a data-v-b2ec8f7a><div class="item" data-v-b2ec8f7a><div class="indicator" data-v-b2ec8f7a></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/qgis-cookbook/docs/basic/setup.html" data-v-b2ec8f7a><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b2ec8f7a>2. 安装与界面简介</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b2ec8f7a data-v-b2ec8f7a><div class="item" data-v-b2ec8f7a><div class="indicator" data-v-b2ec8f7a></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/qgis-cookbook/docs/basic/layer.html" data-v-b2ec8f7a><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b2ec8f7a>3. 图层与数据添加</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b2ec8f7a data-v-b2ec8f7a><div class="item" data-v-b2ec8f7a><div class="indicator" data-v-b2ec8f7a></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/qgis-cookbook/docs/basic/format.html" data-v-b2ec8f7a><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b2ec8f7a>4. 图层导出与格式转换</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b2ec8f7a data-v-b2ec8f7a><div class="item" data-v-b2ec8f7a><div class="indicator" data-v-b2ec8f7a></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/qgis-cookbook/docs/basic/edit.html" data-v-b2ec8f7a><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b2ec8f7a>5. 图层创建与编辑</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b2ec8f7a data-v-b2ec8f7a><div class="item" data-v-b2ec8f7a><div class="indicator" data-v-b2ec8f7a></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/qgis-cookbook/docs/basic/style.html" data-v-b2ec8f7a><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b2ec8f7a>6. 样式操作与样式设置</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b2ec8f7a data-v-b2ec8f7a><div class="item" data-v-b2ec8f7a><div class="indicator" data-v-b2ec8f7a></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/qgis-cookbook/docs/basic/map.html" data-v-b2ec8f7a><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b2ec8f7a>7. 地图导出与制图</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b2ec8f7a data-v-b2ec8f7a><div class="item" data-v-b2ec8f7a><div class="indicator" data-v-b2ec8f7a></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/qgis-cookbook/docs/basic/raster.html" data-v-b2ec8f7a><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b2ec8f7a>8. 栅格数据操作</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-669ac9bc data-v-d9887676><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-d9887676 data-v-bb05d22a><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-bb05d22a><div class="aside" data-v-bb05d22a><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-bb05d22a></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-bb05d22a><div class="aside-content" data-v-bb05d22a><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-bb05d22a data-v-18d9846e><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-18d9846e data-v-3863ff2a><div class="content" data-v-3863ff2a><div class="outline-marker" data-v-3863ff2a></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" aria-level="2" data-v-3863ff2a>章节导航</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-3863ff2a><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-3863ff2a> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-3863ff2a data-v-57363d56><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-18d9846e></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-bb05d22a><div class="content-container" data-v-bb05d22a><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-bb05d22a><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _qgis-cookbook_docs_basic_" data-v-bb05d22a><div><h1 id="概览" tabindex="-1">概览 <a class="header-anchor" href="#概览" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;概览&quot;">​</a></h1><div class="tip custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">QGIS介绍</p><p><code>QGIS</code>是一个方便使用的开源地理信息系统 (GIS)，该项目诞生于2002年5月，并于同年6月在<code>SourceForge</code>上作为一个项目成立。根据 <code>GNU通用公共许</code>可授权。<code>QGIS</code>是地理空间开源基金会 (<code>OSGeo</code>) 的一个正式专案。<code>QGIS</code>使用<code>Qt toolkit</code>和<code>C++</code>开发，可运行与 <code>Windows</code>、<code>Linux</code>、<code>Unix</code>、<code>Mac OS X</code> 和 <code>Android</code>，并支持众多矢量、栅格、和数据库格式及功能，旨在提供通用的功能和特性、用户友好的地理信息系统。</p></div><h2 id="一、特征" tabindex="-1">一、特征 <a class="header-anchor" href="#一、特征" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;一、特征&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>View data(查看数据)</li><li>Explore data and compose maps(浏览数据和制图)</li><li>Create, edit, manage and export data(创建、编辑、管理和导出数据)</li><li>Analyze data(分析数据)</li><li>Publish maps on the Internet(发布地图到网络上)</li><li>Extend QGIS functionality through plugins(通过插件扩展QGIS功能) <ul><li>Core Plugins(核心插件)</li><li>External Python Plugins(可扩展的Python插件)</li></ul></li><li>Python Console(Python控制台)</li></ul><h2 id="二、支持数据格式" tabindex="-1">二、支持数据格式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#二、支持数据格式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;二、支持数据格式&quot;">​</a></h2><p>QGIS支持多种数据格式，包括矢量数据、栅格数据、数据库、地图服务。</p><h3 id="_1-矢量数据" tabindex="-1">1. 矢量数据 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-矢量数据" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1. 矢量数据&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>GeoPackage</li><li>ESRI Shapefile</li><li>MapInfo</li><li>SDTS</li><li>GML</li><li>geojosn</li><li>kml / kmz</li><li>gpx</li><li>……</li></ul><h3 id="_2-栅格格式" tabindex="-1">2. 栅格格式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-栅格格式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2. 栅格格式&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>GeoTIFF</li><li>ERDAS IMG</li><li>ArcInfo ASCII GRID</li><li>JPEG</li><li>PNG</li><li>NC</li><li>……</li></ul><h3 id="_3-数据库" tabindex="-1">3. 数据库 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-数据库" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3. 数据库&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>PostGIS</li><li>SpatiaLite</li><li>MS SQL Spatial</li><li>Oracle Spatial</li><li>……</li></ul><h3 id="_4-地图服务" tabindex="-1">4. 地图服务 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_4-地图服务" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;4. 地图服务&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>XYZ栅格切片</li><li>矢量切片</li><li>WMS</li><li>WFS</li><li>WMTS</li><li>……</li></ul><h2 id="三、支持投影" tabindex="-1">三、支持投影 <a class="header-anchor" href="#三、支持投影" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;三、支持投影&quot;">​</a></h2><p>坐标参考系，简称<code>CRS</code>，是一种将数值坐标与地球表面上的位置联系起来的方法。<code>QGIS</code>支持大约<strong>7000</strong>个标准的坐标参考系。这些标准<code>CRS</code>基于<code>欧洲石油搜索小组（EPSG）</code>和<code>法国国家地理研究所（IGNF）</code>定义的<code>CRS</code>，并通过底层<code>Proj</code>投影库在QGIS中提供。通常，这些标准预测是通过使用权威：代码组合来识别的，其中权威是组织名称，例如<code>EPSG</code>或<code>IGNF</code>，代码是与特定<code>CRS</code>关联的唯一编号。例如，常见的 <code>WGS 84 纬度/经度</code>的<code>CRS</code>的标识符为 <code>EPSG：4326</code>，而 <code>Web 制图标准</code>的 <code>CRS</code> 为 <code>EPSG：3857</code>。</p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-bb05d22a data-v-6b7c262b><!--[--><!--]--><!----><nav class="prev-next" data-v-6b7c262b><div class="pager" data-v-6b7c262b><!----></div><div class="pager" data-v-6b7c262b><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/qgis-cookbook/docs/basic/setup.html" data-v-6b7c262b><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-6b7c262b>下一篇→</span><span class="title" data-v-6b7c262b>2. 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